What are the modes of charging IEC 61851?

In the world of electric vehicles, efficient and convenient charging is essential for a seamless driving experience. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed a standard for electric vehicle charging known as IEC 61851. This standard defines various modes of charging that can be used to power up electric vehicles. Let's explore these modes in detail.

Mode 1: Domestic Charging

Mode 1 charging refers to the most basic form of electric vehicle charging. It involves connecting the electric vehicle directly to an ordinary domestic socket using a portable charger. However, this mode does not provide any additional safety measures or communication capabilities between the vehicle and the charger. It is typically slow and may take a long time to charge the vehicle.

Mode 2: Domestic Charging with EVSE

Mode 2 charging builds upon Mode 1 by incorporating an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), also known as an "ICCB" (In-Cable Control Box). The EVSE provides additional safety and control features between the vehicle and the charger. It includes functionalities such as current monitoring, leakage protection, and automatic disconnection in case of faults. Mode 2 charging offers increased safety compared to Mode 1.

Mode 3: AC Charging with Infrastructure

Mode 3 charging takes electric vehicle charging to the next level by utilizing dedicated infrastructure specifically designed for electric vehicles. In this mode, an AC charging station is installed, which comprises of a charging station and a separate charging cable. The charging station communicates with the vehicle using advanced protocols, allowing for better control, monitoring, and safety. Mode 3 charging is faster and more reliable than Mode 1 and Mode 2.

Mode 4: DC Fast Charging

Mode 4 charging, also known as DC fast charging or rapid charging, offers the quickest charging speeds for electric vehicles. It involves using a specialized charging station that directly connects to the vehicle's battery and provides high-power DC (Direct Current) charging. Mode 4 charging requires significant infrastructure investment and is typically found at public charging stations or along highways. It enables rapid charging, allowing electric vehicles to quickly regain a significant amount of range in a short period.

In conclusion, IEC 61851 defines different modes of charging for electric vehicles, ranging from basic domestic charging to advanced DC fast charging. Each mode offers varying levels of safety, control, and charging speed. As electric vehicle technology continues to advance, these charging modes will play a crucial role in ensuring convenient and efficient charging experiences for electric vehicle owners worldwide.